"Summarize from Academic Vocabulary in Use Book (Michael McCarthy)"

Summarising Unit 38-50 (Fk_AdamChesarGunawan_19320155)

Unit 38-Presenting an argument: Developing an argument from the beginning paragraphs of student essay (is based on, refer to, beyond the ), Adding points to an argument (for example, moreover, in addition), Qualifying to limit and specifying an argument (the pros and cons, albeit/although, and so forth).

Unit 39-Organizing your writing: Kinds of opening depend on the purpose, like working through a list/different things (firstly, next, finally), referring to examples/diagrams/pages (as can be seen, consider, take; for example), and changing topics/bringing in new points (we now/let our turn to, at this point).

Unit 40-Making a presentation: Introducing the presenter (Let’s welcome.., I’d like to introduce/call), Getting started (I’ll give a brief overview of, feel free to, I’ll present the results of a study I did), During the presentation-and closing it (Anyway; getting back to/to return, To sum up, That’s all I have to say).

Unit 41-Describing research methods : Useful word combinations (employ a method/a technique/an approach/ an instrument/a device/ any type of research methodology), Types of research method (field study: observes and records some the phenomenon, survey: makes a sum from data collected).

Unit 42-Classifying : Useful nouns when classifying (component, type,  feature; effective use of metaphor is a feature of the poet’s style), Example of the classification system (according to their similarities and differences, general to specific), Categorising people (age, gender, social class, occupation).

Unit 43-Making connections: Connecting data and evidence (reveal links between, correlate with, bring .... together), Expressing links and connections between people and things (synonymous with, accompanied by, associated with, Interaction, interrelated, interplay).

Unit 44-Comparing and contrasting: Prepositional expressions (a comparison between .... and ..., in comparison with/to, the distinction between, as compared to, different from), Useful linking expressions for comparison and contrast (similarly, the contrast between, conversely, unlike, whereas, on the other hand).

Unit 45-Describing problems: Introducing a problem (the problem ... arose, experienced difficulties with), Responding to a problem (react/reaction, respond/response, deal with), Solving a problem (came up with/found a solution to, resolved conflict resolution).

Unit 46-Describing situations: Existence and location (we need to look at all the circumstances surrounding the events of 1926, the conditions ..., the status ..), Factors affecting situations (The government took measures to restrict the sale of tobacco, the minimum/maximum the temperature was recorded)

Unit 47-Processes and procedures: General nouns and verbs (the next stage/step in, the procedure for, the behaviour of, unify, verify), Social/political/economic processes (the emergence of, consumption, ratification of), Technological processes and procedures (automate, display, input/output, insert).

Unit 48-Describing change: Historical changes and their effects (the transition from, the shift away, adapt/adjust to), More verbs for describing change (fluctuated, converted from, modified the flow ... through the engine), Adjectives which often describe the change (gradual/sudden/marked/perceptible change).

Unit 49-Evaluation and emphasis: Adjectives for evaluating: opening sentences from science articles (comprehensive, fundamental, inadequate), Teachers evaluation of student assignment (criticism, significantly, compatible, hard evidence), Other evaluative expressions (recognize/acknowledge, flaws), Emphasizing (the research underlined/highlighted, seldom/never/rarely).

Unit 50-Summary and conclusion : Conclusions and summaries: typical paragraph starts (Summarising: expressing the most important facts/ideas, Concluding: stating that have come to the end of something, Recapitulating: briefly repeating main points), Other useful words (In conclusion, to sum up, to bring ... to a close, to recapitulate, stated briefly, on balance; the overall, last analysis/in the final)